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What is active data guard and How to enable stanby database is in read-only mode (Active standby)

What is active data guard and How to enable stanby database is in read-only mode (Active standby)??

If trying open the standby database in read only mode will get the below error.

SQL> ALTER DATABASE OPEN READ ONLY;
ALTER DATABASE OPEN READ ONLY
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-10456: cannot open standby database; media recovery session may be in progress.

1. First we need turf off the log apply process on the standby database. Using the below.

DGMGRL> edit database <stdby_dbname> set state=apply-off;
SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE CANCEL;

SQL> ALTER DATABASE OPEN READ ONLY;
SQL>Select name, open_mode, switchover_status, database_role from v$database;

Start apply process using Broker (OR) Manually in standby database.

DGMGRL> edit database <stdby_dbname> set state=apply-on;
SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE USING CURRENT LOGFILE DISCONNECT;

To disable the active data guard, the steps are the same:

1. DGMGRL> edit database stdby set state=apply-off; (OR) 
   SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE CANCEL;
2. Shutdown the stdby database;
3. Startup mount the stdby database
4. DGMGRL> edit database stdby set state=apply-on; (OR) 
    SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE USING CURRENT LOGFILE DISCONNECT;

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